Cell-based Therapy For Myocardial Regeneration

Cell-based Therapy For Myocardial Regeneration ABSTRACT Myocardial infarction is one of the main cause of mortality in many countries. Therefore, an effective therapy for myocardial infarction is required. Reperfusion and other conventional therapy have been the mainstay therapy for myocardial infarction. However, many patients remain refractory to this therapy. Cell-based therapy is considered a novel therapy, in which stem cells are used for cardiac repair. Stem cells are potential therapeutic and promising option that could be the alternative solution for salvaging damaged cardiomyocyte. Based on current studies, stem cells are a promising therapeutic approach for myocardial infarction. However, some challenges need to be answered by future studies before this novel therapy can be widely applied. This essay provides an overview of the progress in stem cell therapy for myocardial infarction. INTRODUCTION The robust potential of stem cells were still a mystery, but today, we are constantly getting new information on this parti cular topic. One of the prospects of stem cell therapy is to treat damaged cardiomyocyte (Fischer, et.al, 2009; Beltrami, 2003).Acute myocardial infarction is one of the main causes of mortality and morbidity in many countries. Not only this disease causes a massive socio-economic burden, but also reduces the quality of live for patients who survive the attack (Hamm, 2016). Currently, one of the mainstay therapy for myocardial infarction is rapid revascularization to limit ischaemic damage. Reperfusion and other conventional therapy have undoubtedly saved so many lives, yet there are patients remained refractory to this therapy and left with no other treatment options. In addition to that, many patients who have underwent reperfusion strategy and survived, often left with significant impairment of left ventricular systolic function. One big question remain unanswered. Is there any other treatment option for these patients? Medical therapeutic approach to reduce damaged cardiomyocyte and generate new functioning muscle is the current unmeet need. Stem cells emerge as the novel procedure to restore damaged cardiomyocytes, and this procedure is popularly known as cellular cardiomyoplasty (Pendyala, et.al, 2008; Reinlib, 2000). Many preclinical and clinical trials have documented the potential use of stem cells to generate viable cardiomyocyte and improve cardiac function (Bergmann, et.al, 2009). To date, there are many different types of adult stem cells and progenitor cells used for this procedure, some of which are bone marrow derived stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells and so on. Since the advance of stem cells technology is faster than ever before, this essay aimed to give an evidence based update on stem cells use for myocardial infarction, what we have achieved so far, and what does the future hold for this breakthrough. CELL-BASED THERAPY FOR MYOCARDIAL REGENERATION After an ischaemic attack due to occluded coronary vessels, heart muscle usually left damaged and nonfunctioning. However, recent evidence suggested that the cardiac muscle could actually undergo a limited amount of renewal. A prospect of inducing muscle cell to undergo division for cardiomyocyte replacement, or generating new muscle by stem cells are certainly intriguing (Roell, et.al, 2002; Santoso, et.al, 2011). Stem cells are capable to proliferate in the same state (self-renewal) and differentiate into multiple cell lineages. On the other hand, progenitor cells are more specific and have limited differentiation potential. Mechanism on how stem cells work are as follows: firstly, these stem cells need to be extracted from the source (eg. bone marrow), after that these stem cells need to be delivered to the injured area. These cells are implanted in the myocardium, and due to the nature of these cells, they would grow and differentiate/transdifferentiate into cardiomyocyte. To achieve the goal of cardiac repair, these cells should also have the ability to fuse with the surrounding tissues that their harmonious contraction increases the heart contraction. Furthermore, these newly-formed cardiomyocyte should also express the appropriate electromechanical properties required for contraction to yield a synchronous contraction (Templin, et.al, 2011; Makino, et.al, 1999).

E-Recruitment in the banking Industry a comparative study in to the UK Dissertation

E-Recruitment in the banking Industry a comparative study in to the UK bank Lloyds TSB and Indian bank ICICI - Dissertation Example A primary research study which is composed of a combination of quantitative research survey and research interview was conducted to determine the factors that could significantly influence the e-recruitment practices in both banks. Based on the research findings, the three (3) significant factors that can affect the ability of the banks to maximize the full benefit of its e-recruitment practices includes: the unique recruitment practices in each bank, access to Internet, and the ability of the people to use the computers. To make Lloyds TSB and ICICI be able to maximize its full investment on e-recruitment platform, this study highly recommends the idea that the bank manager(s) should be able to design and implement strict policies with regards to the use of the banks’ e-recruitment process. In the case of Lloyds TSB, its bank personnel should redesign the banks’ existing e-recruitment practices to be more friendly in the sense that it should allow the bank personnel to get to know each candidate on a personal level. In the case of ICICI, its existing e-recruitment process is not highly dependent over the use of its official website. For this reason, one of the best ways to improve ICICI’s existing e-recruitment is for the bank to offer better online forms. Other study recommendation includes the need to simplify the online testing. Through the use of basic and simple IQ test, maths test, or English, the banks will have lesser risks of screening out individuals with positive work attitude and pleasing attitude and personality needed in serving the bank customers. It is also necessary to keep the actual design of the virtual recruiting environment simple and user-friendly. SPECIMEN ABSTRACT STUDENT NAME Kirandeep KAUR DEGREE MBA International Business DISSERTATION SUPERVISOR Richard Knight DISSERTATION TITLE E-Recruitment in the banking Industry a comparative study in to the UK bank Lloyds TSB and Indian bank ICICI DATE September 3rd 2012 KE YWORDS E-RECRUITMENT CULTURE RECRUITMENT METHODS ABSTRACT E-recruitment is pertaining to the use of information technology in the recruitment processes of each bank. Through the strict implementation of e-recruitment, each bank can speed up and improve the overall quality of the banks’ recruitment services. Banks like Lloyds TSB in UK and ICICI in India spent a lot of money on its e-recruitment platform. Among the common reasons why these two banks invested on e-recruitment is to get hold of the most highly competitive individuals to join the team, speed up, and further improve its existing recruitment services. A primary research study which is composed of a combination of quantitative research survey and research interview was conducted to determine the factors that could significantly influence the e-recruitment practices in both banks. Based on the research findings, the three (3) significant factors that can affect the ability of the banks to maximize the full benefit of its e-recruitment practices includes: the unique recruitment practices in each bank, access to Internet, and the ability of the people to use the computers. To make Lloyds TSB and ICICI be able to maximize its full investment on e-recruitment platform, this study highly recommends the idea that the bank manager(s) should be able to design and implement

How would you describe the expansion of the United States between 1783 Research Paper

How would you describe the expansion of the United States between 1783 and 1840s - Research Paper Example The expansion that took place in the period between 1783 and 1840 is the reason behind the large size of the USA and its current strong economic position. Is also led to the end of slave trade in the USA The first expansion of the USA took place in 1783 after the treaty of Paris which brought to an end the revolutionary war. England agreed to the claims of the Americans to own the southern land which included the great lakes and the Mississippi river (Rothman 57). The Americans were not successful in getting the Gulf of Mexico, and it remained under ownership of Spain. The next expansion of the United States took place in 1787 whereby the US expanded with the Northwest ordinance of 1787 (Rothman 116). This ordinance established the Northwest Territory, which covered states such as of Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin. The expansion is renowned for having banned slavery in the north of Ohio River. In 1803, President Thomas Jefferson talked terms of the purchase of the French claims on the Louisiana territory which they had previously obtained from the Spain. The negotiations were secret, and it is believed that the president purchased the territory at a price of $15million. The land purchased included the western half of the Mississippi river, and it doubled the initial size of the USA. The purchase also extended to the Gulf of Mexico, which was very productive in agriculture. Settler’s movement to the Louisiana territory raised the question of slave trade. The settlers applied for statehood after reaching a number of 60000 and in 1819, it officially became a slave state (Morgan 34). Before 1810, the country had occupied most parts of the Mississippi river but had little control over its mouth which was located in the Spanish Florida (Shelly 239). In 1810, the United States seized the western part of Florida, and it led to the outbreak of war between the Spaniards and the Americans (Smith 17). However, the Spaniards relented since

Apacolypse Now :: essays research papers

The movie â€Å"Apocalypse Now†, directed by Francis Coppola, is based on Conrad’s novel The Heart of Darkness. The movie has to do with survival, obsession, and finding ones self. The inclination of this paper is to let the reader get a better understanding of how Captain Willard (the main character) goes through survival, obsession, and courage while trying to hunt down Kurtz.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Captain Willard is on a mission into Cambodia during the Vietnam War to find and kill an insane Colonel Kurtz, as he experiences his journey of horror. In the past, Kurtz was an officer and a sane, successful, brilliant leader. Now he is insane after being corrupted by the horror of war and the cultures he met. People used to look up to him and speak highly of him. Now everyone knows he is just a man who after fighting for his country became a crazed lunatic.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Captain Willard is constantly trying to survive throughout this mission. He has to float in a boat through Cambodia during the Vietnam War. He runs into some natives along the way and has some encounters with them. For example, the captain of the boat is killed by a spear, which is thrown, by a native. When he reaches the land that Kurtz has taken over, he strives very hard to survive. The fist images that you see are hanging dead bodies over the water, dead bodies along the shoreline. It is an island filled with mass murderers and cold-blooded natives. The natives there are so very much under Kurtz’s power that they are willing to kill Willard in a heartbeat.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Captain Willard develops an obsession for trying to find Kurtz. It is not only a mission anymore, it is more of something that Willard must do for himself. Willard is stalking Kurtz in the movie, this kind of portrays Coppola stalking himself, raising questions which he feels compelled to answer but cannot. Because of his passion to find and kill Kurtz he becomes a marvelous leader. Everyone aboard listens, and goes to him. They are all risking their lives for Willard to get where he has to go.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Kurtz is another example of leadership. He is obsessed with the power and leadership he has over the natives. You have never seen such stronger leadership over an entire population, as you see in this movie. Kurtz reigns over these people as if he is God.

Iraq Backlash

The main argument in this article is that the continued involvement of the United States in the war in Iraq will lead to unforeseen and even disastrous consequences such as a civil war or even global war given the fact that the United States is ill equipped at dealing with the insurgents and in properly identifying its role in the conflict and the impact of its continued involvement in the war.The writer presents his views by first defining what backlash is and proceeding to show the escalating death toll and skirmishes that have happened in Iraq since the United States has gotten involved. The writer then paints a grim picture of future that lies ahead if the United States continues its policies and involvement in the conflicts in the Middle East and the war in Iraq.The view presented by the writer is correct to the extent that the continued involvement of the United States could indeed make them the victim of unforeseen and disastrous consequences such a rising casualties of the ar med forces currently stationed there and of the civilians. The continued involvement in Iraq could also be detrimental to the United States economy as any conflict in the Middle East causes the price of oil to rise and directly affects the economic output of any country.A prolonged war, as in this case, caused by continued United States involvement will definitely affect its economy in the long run. The writer however is too quick to point out that global war will be the direct effect of such actions. There is no substantial evidence to show that this will indeed result to a world war III or a world war IV. The other world leaders have been quick to show that the United States is acting on its own accord and have refused to lend any aid in the war in Iraq.

The Effects Of Unlawful Selling Of Organs Essay - 1744 Words

James Lind ENG-106 Monday, January 18, 2016 Mrs. Brownlee The effects of Unlawful Selling of Organs in America Our current transplant regimen is a qualified failure. Transplant operations have been basically flat for the last eight years. In 2013, over 4300 people died while waiting and about 3000 were permanently removed from the queue because they developed a medical condition that precluded transplant.1 â€Å"Twenty-seven years ago, the average wait for a deceased-donor kidney in the United States was about one year; now, the average wait is approaching five years†.2 In many parts of the country, it has reached a ten-year wait from listing to transplant if one can survive that long. Unlawful Selling of organs in America is a result of Substantially more people in America are going out of the country to receive the essential organ they need., People in America passing away awaiting an organ donation has risen. The need for organs has accelerated enormously benefiting the black-market industry. Unlawful Selling of organs in America is a result of substantially more people in America is going out of the country to receive the essential organ they need. Within the European Union, organ donation is governed by member states. As of 2010, 24 European countries provide some type of anticipated endorsement opt-out program, with the most significant and a little over priced opt-out approaches in Spain, Austria, and Belgium producing higher donor rates. In the United KingdomShow MoreRelatedThe Organ Trafficking Epidemic Essay1111 Words   |  5 Pagesindividuals partake in organ trafficking which shows that organ trafficking is a valid issue that must be handled. As of now, U.S. citizens are not prohibited to buy organs outside of the United States by NOTA (National Organ Transplant Act of 1984). In â€Å"Can The Government Ban Organ Sale? 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Protecting Medical Record Confientiality The Right to Know Versus - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1747 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/10/10 Did you like this example? Abstract Medical information is a sensitive issue, and its confidentiality is a matter of concern to any person. Military officers face mental health problems, emanating from occurrences in their line of duty. They need to seek the services of a mental health counselor, on condition that the secret information they give out will remain confidential. They do not do so because their information does not remain a secret as per their expectations. There is the need to have a look at the military rules that weaken the confidentiality of the information given by the soldiers. A person’s medical information needs protection from access by unauthorized parties. Medical information is sensitive, especially to the patients and those related to them. There is the need to ensure that the information that the patients provide remain sealed at all times (National Research Council, 1997). It is for this reason that the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act came to force, to ensure that the patients’ medical data remains confidential. Through the Act, there are limits for the use and release of any information regarding patients. It covers most of the health plans that the patients use, as well as the health care providers. With the Act in force, the patients rest assured that their information is confidential and free from unauthorized access. The only time that the health care givers can disclose the information is when the concerned patients allow them to do so. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Protecting Medical Record Confientiality: The Right to Know Versus" essay for you Create order The rule requires the covered entities to reduce the uses of the information, to the level necessary for the accomplishment of the goal (Roach American Health Information Management Association, 2006). In addition to that, the covered entities should ensure that measures are in place to keep the information a secret. The implication is that there are extents that they cannot release the medical information, and the patient retains the right to sue them for the breach of confidentiality requirement. If the health care providers engage the services of the business associates, there need to be an agreement between the parties. As such, the business associates must maintain the secrecy of the medical information at all times. The covered entities in the Act should have the procedures to follow, in determining the parties that can access the information. In the case of information leakage for whatever reason, the patient retains the right to learn about it. Privacy and strict confidentiality are major elements that define the military profession. The information related to the army officers remains in their safe, and it is not easy for the public or any other third party to gain access to it. The right to know is crucial for any person interested in the information (In Floridi, 2007). However, this is not the case with the military. The right to know is not a guarantee. The level of confidentiality between psychotherapists and their clients is very high in the army camp. As such, the customers tend to believe that the rules are porous. They make the military officers suspect the therapists, and that leads to inefficiency in service delivery. In most cases, the officers are reluctant to professional care from the therapists. They argue that taking any chances to disclose the information would mean that they face prosecution for the information they provide. The members of the military fraternity have the right to receive confidentiality of the medical information they give to anyone (In Floridi, 2007). It is their expectation that all will be well, and they attend the therapies to get the assistance they direly need. However, contrary to the expectations of many, the rules that govern the military create no room for confidentiality of the information. For instance, the communications regarding the mental health do not have the necessary safeguard against any chances of the breach of secrecy. As such, the rules require that the therapist must report the client, if he or she appears to be a threat to anyone. It is for this reason that a sour relationship is likely to occur between them and the military clients. Experts who have been offering psychological services to the patients maintain that in the army, confidentiality is a term that holds little meaning. A military therapist has a legal duty to report the character of the patient, without the consent from the patient (In Floridi, 2007). This move is contrary to the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act. It provides that should the medical practitioner need to disclose any information regarding the patient, she or she should consent to the intended disclosure. Much of this information is a secret of the beholder. Revealing it to the therapist means that the client has the confidence in the professional, that the information will remain a secret for both of them only. In the case where the officer faced psychological disorder due to things that happened to him, or those that he committed, there is the need for the therapist to retain the secrecy of the information. If the situation does not receive the necessary attention, then, the officers will keep the secrets however disturbing they might be. They are likely to commit a suicidal crime, such as mass shooting and other fatal cases. They, therefore, need a person who can offer them mental health services, and retain the information they receive from the officers. The most affected group of soldiers are the perpetrators of war crimes. They are aware that chances of them getting prosecution are high, regardless of the fact that they need the counseling sessions. These officers should first look for behavioral health treatment (In Floridi, 2007). They need to do so before seeking the psychotherapy services, which may disclose them if they behave suspiciously. According to the military rules, the officers seeking the services need to sign an agreement that the information may be disclosed without their consent. This rule explains the reason why the officers need to look for the behavioral treatment first; so that they get to avoid the disclosure scenarios that may be costly to them. The defense department directives give a duty to the psychotherapists to report the war crimes possibly committed by the officers. However, it is not necessary for them to do so. Some scenarios exist that warrant the unconsented disclosure of the information. For example, the therapist may disclose the medical information if the state or federal law, or the service regulations, has it that the disclosure is necessary (Siljander Juusola, 2012). In such a case, the therapist has no option but to disclose the information to the authorities. In such a case, he or she would not have breached the confidentiality agreement, and hence not bound by the Act. In addition to that, if it happens that the disclosure leads to the safety of the military fraternity, then the therapist has a duty to disclose. For example, in the process of counseling, the therapist may note that the officer is not in a good state of mind; and he or she may put the lives of the colleagues in danger. The best approach is to report the situation, and then continue assisting the officer to come back to a sober state of mental health. More to that, the disclosure may be to the good of the entire t eam, for the accomplishment of the military mission. The disclosed information is useful if it assists the officers to meet the goal at hand. The military chaplains are the best fit for the therapy, and the soldiers may seek their assistance. The priests enjoy stronger privileges on the rules of communication (Siljander Juusola, 2012). Chances of them disclosing the information that the soldiers provide are slim. As such, the affected soldiers may opt to go the chaplain way of counseling, given the religious heart they possess. For a long time, the commanding officers and military prosecutors could access the confidential information from the therapy clients, and review it without the consent of the patient. It took the ruling of the Supreme Court, which required that the federal courts should not force the psychotherapists to disclose any information from the patients without their consents. According to the ruling, the mental health records of the service men and women were not to be used as a source of evidence in any judicial proceeding involving the officers. Due to the questionable confidentiality, the members of the disciplined forces still raise their concerns; that their therapy professionals may make known the information regarding their activities (Siljander Juusola, 2012). Apart from the major war crimes, the officers express their fear that even minor occurrences may come to light through the therapists. It is for this reason that the troops avoid any counseling session, on the ground that the information they give out may be a source of troubles in their career. They further fear that through the disclosures, they may never again get the chance to take part in the combat operations. The officers face numerous challenges in the line of duty (Siljander Juusola, 2012). Some of them live in anguish and mental problems, because of the issues that surround their past operations. Other officers took part in deadly combat missions, which led to the loss of many lives under their watch. It is for this reason that the officers find themselves in trauma, and the only way out of it is to seek mental health counseling. They cannot avoid disclosing much of the deep secrets they possess, for an effective counseling session. However, the lack of confidentiality makes them vague in their words. They cannot give some details, some of which need to be spoken out for effective healing of their conscience. In the end, such officers remain in anguish and mental disorders, and they can even end up committing suicide. For this reason, there is the need for the military personnel leaders to have a look at the existing rules. They need to move an extra mile and adopt the Supreme Court r uling. This way, they will create a conducive environment for the soldiers to seek the necessary help; and avoid chances of them committing more serious crimes in the future. The ability to air their issues to the counselors is a sure way to assure them of the mental healing. As such, they need to speak to someone who can keep their secrets; in that way, more of the officers will be willing to seek the counseling services and keep in touch with the activities in their line of duty.