Protecting Medical Record Confientiality The Right to Know Versus - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1747 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/10/10 Did you like this example? Abstract Medical information is a sensitive issue, and its confidentiality is a matter of concern to any person. Military officers face mental health problems, emanating from occurrences in their line of duty. They need to seek the services of a mental health counselor, on condition that the secret information they give out will remain confidential. They do not do so because their information does not remain a secret as per their expectations. There is the need to have a look at the military rules that weaken the confidentiality of the information given by the soldiers. A person’s medical information needs protection from access by unauthorized parties. Medical information is sensitive, especially to the patients and those related to them. There is the need to ensure that the information that the patients provide remain sealed at all times (National Research Council, 1997). It is for this reason that the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act came to force, to ensure that the patients’ medical data remains confidential. Through the Act, there are limits for the use and release of any information regarding patients. It covers most of the health plans that the patients use, as well as the health care providers. With the Act in force, the patients rest assured that their information is confidential and free from unauthorized access. The only time that the health care givers can disclose the information is when the concerned patients allow them to do so. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Protecting Medical Record Confientiality: The Right to Know Versus" essay for you Create order The rule requires the covered entities to reduce the uses of the information, to the level necessary for the accomplishment of the goal (Roach American Health Information Management Association, 2006). In addition to that, the covered entities should ensure that measures are in place to keep the information a secret. The implication is that there are extents that they cannot release the medical information, and the patient retains the right to sue them for the breach of confidentiality requirement. If the health care providers engage the services of the business associates, there need to be an agreement between the parties. As such, the business associates must maintain the secrecy of the medical information at all times. The covered entities in the Act should have the procedures to follow, in determining the parties that can access the information. In the case of information leakage for whatever reason, the patient retains the right to learn about it. Privacy and strict confidentiality are major elements that define the military profession. The information related to the army officers remains in their safe, and it is not easy for the public or any other third party to gain access to it. The right to know is crucial for any person interested in the information (In Floridi, 2007). However, this is not the case with the military. The right to know is not a guarantee. The level of confidentiality between psychotherapists and their clients is very high in the army camp. As such, the customers tend to believe that the rules are porous. They make the military officers suspect the therapists, and that leads to inefficiency in service delivery. In most cases, the officers are reluctant to professional care from the therapists. They argue that taking any chances to disclose the information would mean that they face prosecution for the information they provide. The members of the military fraternity have the right to receive confidentiality of the medical information they give to anyone (In Floridi, 2007). It is their expectation that all will be well, and they attend the therapies to get the assistance they direly need. However, contrary to the expectations of many, the rules that govern the military create no room for confidentiality of the information. For instance, the communications regarding the mental health do not have the necessary safeguard against any chances of the breach of secrecy. As such, the rules require that the therapist must report the client, if he or she appears to be a threat to anyone. It is for this reason that a sour relationship is likely to occur between them and the military clients. Experts who have been offering psychological services to the patients maintain that in the army, confidentiality is a term that holds little meaning. A military therapist has a legal duty to report the character of the patient, without the consent from the patient (In Floridi, 2007). This move is contrary to the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act. It provides that should the medical practitioner need to disclose any information regarding the patient, she or she should consent to the intended disclosure. Much of this information is a secret of the beholder. Revealing it to the therapist means that the client has the confidence in the professional, that the information will remain a secret for both of them only. In the case where the officer faced psychological disorder due to things that happened to him, or those that he committed, there is the need for the therapist to retain the secrecy of the information. If the situation does not receive the necessary attention, then, the officers will keep the secrets however disturbing they might be. They are likely to commit a suicidal crime, such as mass shooting and other fatal cases. They, therefore, need a person who can offer them mental health services, and retain the information they receive from the officers. The most affected group of soldiers are the perpetrators of war crimes. They are aware that chances of them getting prosecution are high, regardless of the fact that they need the counseling sessions. These officers should first look for behavioral health treatment (In Floridi, 2007). They need to do so before seeking the psychotherapy services, which may disclose them if they behave suspiciously. According to the military rules, the officers seeking the services need to sign an agreement that the information may be disclosed without their consent. This rule explains the reason why the officers need to look for the behavioral treatment first; so that they get to avoid the disclosure scenarios that may be costly to them. The defense department directives give a duty to the psychotherapists to report the war crimes possibly committed by the officers. However, it is not necessary for them to do so. Some scenarios exist that warrant the unconsented disclosure of the information. For example, the therapist may disclose the medical information if the state or federal law, or the service regulations, has it that the disclosure is necessary (Siljander Juusola, 2012). In such a case, the therapist has no option but to disclose the information to the authorities. In such a case, he or she would not have breached the confidentiality agreement, and hence not bound by the Act. In addition to that, if it happens that the disclosure leads to the safety of the military fraternity, then the therapist has a duty to disclose. For example, in the process of counseling, the therapist may note that the officer is not in a good state of mind; and he or she may put the lives of the colleagues in danger. The best approach is to report the situation, and then continue assisting the officer to come back to a sober state of mental health. More to that, the disclosure may be to the good of the entire t eam, for the accomplishment of the military mission. The disclosed information is useful if it assists the officers to meet the goal at hand. The military chaplains are the best fit for the therapy, and the soldiers may seek their assistance. The priests enjoy stronger privileges on the rules of communication (Siljander Juusola, 2012). Chances of them disclosing the information that the soldiers provide are slim. As such, the affected soldiers may opt to go the chaplain way of counseling, given the religious heart they possess. For a long time, the commanding officers and military prosecutors could access the confidential information from the therapy clients, and review it without the consent of the patient. It took the ruling of the Supreme Court, which required that the federal courts should not force the psychotherapists to disclose any information from the patients without their consents. According to the ruling, the mental health records of the service men and women were not to be used as a source of evidence in any judicial proceeding involving the officers. Due to the questionable confidentiality, the members of the disciplined forces still raise their concerns; that their therapy professionals may make known the information regarding their activities (Siljander Juusola, 2012). Apart from the major war crimes, the officers express their fear that even minor occurrences may come to light through the therapists. It is for this reason that the troops avoid any counseling session, on the ground that the information they give out may be a source of troubles in their career. They further fear that through the disclosures, they may never again get the chance to take part in the combat operations. The officers face numerous challenges in the line of duty (Siljander Juusola, 2012). Some of them live in anguish and mental problems, because of the issues that surround their past operations. Other officers took part in deadly combat missions, which led to the loss of many lives under their watch. It is for this reason that the officers find themselves in trauma, and the only way out of it is to seek mental health counseling. They cannot avoid disclosing much of the deep secrets they possess, for an effective counseling session. However, the lack of confidentiality makes them vague in their words. They cannot give some details, some of which need to be spoken out for effective healing of their conscience. In the end, such officers remain in anguish and mental disorders, and they can even end up committing suicide. For this reason, there is the need for the military personnel leaders to have a look at the existing rules. They need to move an extra mile and adopt the Supreme Court r uling. This way, they will create a conducive environment for the soldiers to seek the necessary help; and avoid chances of them committing more serious crimes in the future. The ability to air their issues to the counselors is a sure way to assure them of the mental healing. As such, they need to speak to someone who can keep their secrets; in that way, more of the officers will be willing to seek the counseling services and keep in touch with the activities in their line of duty.

Gullivers Travels by Jonathan Swift - 940 Words

In Jonathan Swift’s Gulliver’s Travels, Gulliver is washed up onto a foreign land where he encounters two species: Houyhnhnms, ruling intellectual horse-like species, and the Yahoos, brutish human-like animals. As a foreigner, Gulliver tries to integrate himself with Houyhnhnms community and through his attempts of communicating Gulliver ultimately fails due to his striking similarity to the brute Yahoos. Swifts juxtaposition of two different worlds, made extremely clear by both physical, physiological, linguistic aspects, reveals the futility of any successful integration. As with any interaction there must be some sort of communication between two parties for there to be any understanding. When Gulliver first encounters the Houyhnhnms, he makes an effort to mimic the language to demonstrate some sort of understanding, repeating the word Yahoo over and over again. This is the first example where Swift satirizes foreign interaction. Gulliver ignorance of the language le ads him to repeat Yahoo, a word he later finds out is the insulting title of the brutish human-like beasts the Houyhnhnms enslaved, thus making his attempt look stupid. As the Houyhnhnms take him in, he quickly picks up the Houyhnhnm’s language and is able to give â€Å"the most tolerable answers,† (Swift 217). Even so, language is still a barrier between Gulliver and the Houyhnhnms. Gulliver tries to explain his voyage to the Houyhnhnms, â€Å"It was with some Difficulty, and by the help of many Signs, that I broughtShow MoreRelatedGulliver’s Travels by Jonathan Swift1526 Words   |  7 PagesIn the fourth book of Gulliver’s Travels, Jonathan Swift uses satire to draw reader’s attention towards his concerns about humanity and uses irony to reveal his cynical views towards human kind. 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Throughout the novel, Gulliver repeatedly, finds himself in predicaments because societal norms and the role of government in our society. Swift shows how the idea of who people are due to their position in society. Gulliver is an outsider to the society of Lilliput, he tries to fit into their world but fails, not only because of his size butRead MoreReview of Gullivers Travels by Jonathan Swift Essay1296 Words   |  6 PagesReview of Gullivers Travels by Jonathan Swift Gullivers Travels is a satirical novel. It was written for two different target groups; the first target group is a very young age range and it is a simple but still very exciting fairy tale, the second target group is for a lot older and more sophisticated group as it is a comment that is satirising the life, times and background of Jonathan Swift. An example of Swift making a comment on mankind is in the third part ofRead MoreSatire in Gullivers Travels Jonathan Swift Essay1032 Words   |  5 PagesSatire in Gullivers Travels Jonathan Swift In Gullivers Travels, Jonathan Swift makes a satirical attack on humanity. In the final book, Swift takes a stab at humanity by simultaneously criticizing physiological, mental, and spiritual aspects of humans. Literary critics Ronald Knowles and Irvin Ehrenpreis both agree that the last book focused entirely on satirizing humanity. The Yahoo brutes that inhabit Houyhnhnm Land are a despicable species that have the physical appearance of humansRead MoreSwifts Gulliver’s Travels by Jonathan Swift Essay1267 Words   |  6 Pages Swifts Gulliver’s Travels enables us to critically and harshly analyse our world and encourages us to evaluate the customs of early 18th century English society in relation to an ideal humanity. In order to address the injustices prevalent in human constructs and behavior, Swift uses literary techniques to induce a state of extreme self-doubt. The satires assessment of humanitys positive and negative traits is developed through Gullivers a wkward process of identifying with the loathsome YahoosRead MoreSatire in Jonathan Swift ´s Gullivers Travels1944 Words   |  8 Pagesearly eighteenth-century, Irish writer Jonathan Swift produced one of the most printed novels known to date. The novel, Gulliver’s Travels, not only received recognition for being reprinted an immense amount of time, but also for the satire found within the novel. Swift intended his novel to be used as a scapegoat in which he would reveal his opinion on the English society. Swift was able to demonstrate this satire through the four part plot of Gulliver’s Travels. Each part of the novel told the journeyRead MoreMany Contemporary Issues Tackled in Gullivers Travels by Jonathan Swift894 Words   |  4 Pagestell us that nothing is great or small than by comparison. In the novel Jonathan Swift tackles many of the contemporary issues of his day. His portrayal of English society alludes to the fact that he perceived many evils in the str ucture of society. In the novel Swift puts focus on the issues of economy, government, war, mankind and plictic. As a result of his insightful perspective into the fabric of society, Gulliver’s Travels, is regarded by many as being one of the greatest satires in modern historyRead More Comapring Naivete and Satire in Jonathan Swifts Gullivers Travels and Voltaires Candide2292 Words   |  10 PagesNaivete and Satire in Jonathan Swifts Gullivers Travels and Voltaires Candide       A child has the ability to make the most critical and objective observation on society and the behavior of man. How is this possible? A child has yet to mature and lacks proper education and experience. However, it is for this very reason that a child would make the perfect social scientist; his or her naivete may provide an excellent means of objective criticism and most often satire. A childs curious

Osteoarthritis Sufferers In The Uk Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

string(80) " protection against prejudice during randomisation is concealment of allotment\." A multi-centre, experimental randomised clinical test is the survey design chosen as it is the recommended attack to obtain a valid comparing of viing intercession schemes ( Green, 1997 ) . The independent variable is the instructional method which will be manipulated to see whether it has any affect on the dependent variables, which are attachment and exercising public presentation. The group having the Digital Versatile Disc ( DVD ) will stand for the survey group. We will write a custom essay sample on Osteoarthritis Sufferers In The Uk Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now The group having illustrations will move as the control group as illustrations are supported by literature and presently used in standard physical therapy pattern. It is necessary to include a control group to forestall overestimate of intervention consequence. A true control group ( having no instructional assistance and doing the test a randomised controlled test ) has non been used as it would be unethical to keep back intervention clearly shown to be effectual ( Schneiders et al. , 1998 ) . Recruitment The test aims to be as representative of the UK population as possible to increase population/external cogency. The test will include 84 females and 56 males to stand for the 3:2 female/male ratio of degenerative arthritis sick persons in the United Kingdom ( ARC ) . Under-representation of cultural groups would impact the external cogency of comparative consequence estimations. The National Statistics Office provinces that the 2001 Census found that 8.3 % of the UK population belonged to other cultural groups and this figure appears to hold risen to 10.1 % harmonizing to the Labour Force study, 2006. Thirty per centum of participants will be recruited from other cultural groups so that 1 ) the strata is big plenty and 2 ) cultural minorities are reasonably represented. This figure will nevertheless be checked with the statistician prior to test beginning. Research suggests that people with a lower educational attainment are less likely to adhere to exert, it is hence of import to see where participants will be recruited from. A survey by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development ( 2005 ) showed a close correlativity between educational underachievement and countries of societal want in London. Cooper ( 2003 ) found those populating in interior London by and large achieved lower classs than those in Outer London ( appendix1 ) .Therefore to increase external cogency, 2 Inner London and 2 Outer London locations have been chosen. Inclusion Standards Inclusion/exclusion standards are used in this survey to place appropriate participants and guarantee their safety. Strict standards will guarantee 1 ) research workers can non act upon choice to favor or except certain predictive factors, therefore biasing the consequences 2 ) participants are representative of populations to whom the test ‘s findings will use, therefore keeping external cogency. It is besides of import to see that if the standards are excessively restrictive it could restrict the size of test and the findings will miss generalization. Participants will be eligible if they are aged 50+ as 1 in 5 grownups have knee degenerative arthritis by this age and it is uncommon in people younger. By the age of 80, it increases to 1 in 2 grownups ( ARC ) . The test will hold no upper age bound so that the findings are relevant to all age groups susceptible to knee degenerative arthritis. Inclusion of older participants is peculiarly pertinent to this survey as Henry et Al ( 2000 ) found grownups aged 65+ had greater troubles retrieving exercisings which may impact attachment and exercising public presentation. Participants must hold equal hearing, vision and apprehension of written and spoken English to let equal comprehension of the exercising instructions. In pattern this may non be necessary ; nevertheless, for the interest of this test it must be controlled to forestall confusing consequences. To forestall allotment prejudice, participants will be required to hold entree to a DVD participant, irrespective of their allotment. The Office of National Statistics ( 2008 ) found that 86 % of the population owns a DVD participant. This will merely except a little figure of the population so it is considered acceptable. Radiographic grounds of degenerative arthritis, grade 2-3 on the Kellgren and Lawrence graduated table is an inclusion standard as Deyle ( 2000 ) found increased disease badness is associated with lower attachment. Guaranting all participants are mild-moderate makes the consequences comparable. Additionally, it would be unethical to supply unneeded intervention. The Nice guidelines ( 2008 ) recommend beef uping exercisings for degenerative arthritis patients ; therefore participants would be prescribed beef uping exercisings irrespective of the test. Radiographic grounds ensures patients are non given an inappropriate intervention by clinicians who may desire to increase enlisting rate. Exclusion Standards Participants with inflammatory arthritis will be excluded as beef uping exercisings can worsen redness in the articulatio genus articulation during a flare-up ( Luqmani et al.,2006 ) . Similarly, Sharma et Al ( 2003 ) found that in certain joint environments, such as malalignment or laxness, higher quadriceps strength was associated with a greater hazard of disease patterned advance hence such participants will besides be excluded. Participants who have antecedently been prescribed lower-limb exercisings or partaken in regular exercising categories will be excluded as they may demo increased exercising public presentation and attachment. Participants with cognitive damages may non be able to give informed consent, therefore inclusion would be unethical. They may besides hold impaired ability to retain information which could confuse the consequences. Finally, participants will be excluded if they have cardiac jobs or any serious pathology as they may hold an increased hazard of an in auspicious reaction or necessitate onward specializer referral which may detain beginning of physical therapy. Procedure Random allotment and allotment privacy This test will utilize consecutive numbered, otherwise indistinguishable, opaque, certain envelopes ( SNOSE ) to randomize participants and guarantee allotment privacy. Participants will be randomised as it is considered the most dependable method of making homogenous intervention groups in footings of known or unknown predictive factors ( Altman 1999 ) . It controls for unsuspected effects and increases the likeliness that any ascertained differences are caused by the experimental status, therefore increasing the internal cogency of the test. An extra protection against prejudice during randomisation is concealment of allotment. You read "Osteoarthritis Sufferers In The Uk Health And Social Care Essay" in category "Essay examples" This will forestall the research worker from act uponing which intercession group each participant is assigned to, hence forestalling a choice prejudice. A choice prejudice could ensue in an overestimate of the effects of the intercession by about 40 % ( Schulz, 2002a ) . SNOSE is an economical and straightforward agencies of guaranting allotment privacy. The extra safeguards ( e.g. aluminum foil, carbon paper ) increase the trouble of uncloaking the allotment strategy. By puting the group assignment card inside a folded sheet of aluminum foil ensures the envelope is impermeable to light and run alonging the interior of the envelope with C paper allows the envelope to reassign information onto the assignment card, making an audit trail. Stratified randomization is still possible utilizing random ization envelopes by holding a set of envelopes for each combination of stratification factors. Stratification Baseline features such as age, gender, ethnicity and instruction will be recorded at the beginning of the test. As this is a comparatively little test, there is a greater hazard of unequal distribution of patient features between groups ( Kernan 1999 ) . Age, ethnicity and educational attainment are known to be strongly related to attachment and public presentation ( predictive ) therefore stratification is needed ( Schluz, 2002b ) . A big survey by Sluijs et Al. ( 1993 ) found attachment to place exercisings increases with age and is reciprocally relative to educational degree. Rastall et Al. ( 1999 ) and Henry et Al ( 2000 ) found grownups aged 65+ had greater trouble memory exercisings which may impact public presentation. Evidence besides suggests cultural minorities are less likely to adhere to exert ( e.g. Muse, 2005 ) . To let for 3 strata the sample size had been increased. However, as the test is to include merely 30 % of participants from other cultural groups this may impa ct stratification. Therefore, this figure will be checked with the statistician prior to the beginning of test and if found to be excessively low to adequately stratify cultural minorities, either sample size or the figure of cultural minorities included will increase further. Stratified randomisation besides helps forestall type I error ( Feinstein and Landis, 1976 ) and better power ( Lachin and Bautista, 1995 ) and is most good to tests ( such as this ) with less than 200 participants ( Schluz, 2002b ) . As the writer is unsure as to what the existent figure of participants in each stratum will be before the test commences, permuted blocks within each strata will guarantee balance between the chief intervention weaponries. Schluz ( 2002b ) suggests that it may be possible to expect the randomisation sequence in some tests that are block-randomized utilizing unvarying block sizes, hence this test will utilize two different block sizes ( 2 and 4 ) . Blinding Ideally, both participant and research worker should be blinded to avoid the comparing of interventions from being distorted ( Schluz, 2002c ) and to forestall ascertainment prejudice. This test is a single-blind survey as active capable engagement is required. The physical therapist ( who besides acts as the result assessor ) will be blinded as cognition of group assignment could make a prejudice when measuring result steps due to preconceived impressions of â€Å" expected † results. Furthermore, as the Exercise Assessment Scale has a grade of subjectiveness, blinding the result assessor will beef up their objectiveness. Strengthening exercisings Strengthening exercisings were chosen as they have been shown to better hurting and map in degenerative arthritis patients and are portion of the NICE ( 2008 ) guidelines. Previous surveies suggest a HEP can keep betterments ( Huang et al, 2003 ; Huang et Al, 2005 ) , nevertheless long term attachment was low. This suggests a demand to set up ways to better attachment to interventions clearly shown to be effectual. The exercising strength, frequence and repeats will be tailored to the person and based on findings of recent grounds ( e.g. Richards,2004 ; Jan et al. , 2008 ) . Strengthening exercisings are besides more likely to necessitate specific direction than, for illustration, aerophilic exercisings and older persons in peculiar may happen exercising technique hard to retrieve. DVD direction Assorted surveies ( e.g. Grove, 1999 ) find participants utilizing exercising pictures have increased motive to exercising and are less likely to develop bad habits/techniques. It is hence hypothesised DVD ‘s will increase attachment and exercising public presentation. Additionally, if public presentation improves physiotherapist clip rectifying exercising should diminish. Result MEASURES The Exercise Assessment Scale ( Smith et al.,2005, adapted from Rastall et al.,1999 ) was chosen as it enables elaborate appraisal of public presentation and has the highest reported dependability out of the graduated tables found. Validity of graduated table has non been officially reported, nevertheless, inter-rater dependability has been assessed ( Smith et al.,2005 ) utilizing the intra-class correlativity coefficient ( ICC ) . The ICC was 0.99 indicating first-class inter-rater dependability ( Shrout and Fleiss, 1979 ) . Prior to the test, preparation will be given to guarantee truth and consistence of measuring is increased therefore increasing statistical power. As the measuring has a grade of subjectiveness, appraisals will be recorded so that public presentation can be analyzed post-intervention to guarantee participant scaling is tantamount. Participants will utilize a self-report log to mensurate attachment to their HEP. It is a normally used step which has been found to be dependable when compared to spouse studies ( Follick et al. , 1984 ) and nonsubjective pedometer values ( Speck,2006 ) back uping the cogency of the step. The recognized benefits include the ability to roll up informations from a big figure of people at low cost and that it does non change the behavior of the person ( increasing ecological cogency ) . However, as the step is subjective, Vitolins et Al ( 2000 ) recommends more than one method should be used to measure attachment. A widely used nonsubjective step of per centum attending to physiotherapy Sessionss will besides be used. Direction clip will be assessed as rectification of exercisings utilizations valuable physiotherapy clip that could be spent on accessory interventions. It is hence of import to mensurate the effectivity of any intercession in cut downing clip allocated to exert rectification. Analysis Meanss and standard divergences will be calculated for all variables. For parametric informations ( e.g. figure of repeats, exercising frequence ) the agency of the two groups will be compared utilizing the independent-sample t-test as the survey is experimental in design, comparing 2 groups of topics ( Hicks, 2004 ) . The Exercise Assessment Scale provides ordinal informations ( Smith et Al, 2005 ) , hence a Mann Whitney U trial ( a non-parametric trial ) will be used. P-values are used to find whether a void hypothesis formulated before the survey commenced is to be accepted or rejected. To cut down the hazard of type II mistake, the degree of significance will be set at P lt ; 0.05. In explorative surveies such as this, p-values enable the acknowledgment of any statistically notable findings. Assurance intervals will besides be used as they provide a scope of values for the variable of involvement ( the step of intervention consequence ) . This scope has a specified chance of inc luding the true value of the variable, every bit good supplying information about the way and strength of the demonstrated consequence. Decisions can so be made about the clinical relevancy and the statistical plausibleness of the survey ‘s findings. Both statistical steps will be reported because they provide complementary types of information ( Prel,2009 ) . Purpose to handle analysis will be used as it retains balance in predictive factors originating from the original random intervention allotment and gives an indifferent estimation of intervention consequence. Additionally it gives a more valid representation of intervention efficaciousness as it relates to clinical pattern ( Pocock, 1983 ) . Time REQUIRED The test is 18-months to let for a sufficient accrual period and for a long-run intercession. The writer contacted a similar sized Outpatient section, which reported about 30-40 patients present with degenerative arthritis over a 6-month period. In add-on participants will be recruited from physician ‘s surgeries and orthopedic waiting lists. It is estimated that 12-14 participants at each infirmary will come in the test during each enlisting stage. The minimal figure required is 12 so that 140 participants are recruited by the terminal of recruitment stage-3. If merely 2 participants at each infirmary are recruited each hebdomad, it will necessitate a 6-week accrual period for each stage of the test. The clip to enroll the mark population is frequently under-estimated ( Carter,2005 ) therefore the accrual period has been increased to 8-weeks to guarantee equal Numberss are reached. The intercession period will be for 1-year as a recent reappraisal ( Jordan,2010 ) identified a demand for tests with long-run follow ups which explicitly address attachment. Forces REQUIRED Four physical therapists, one from each infirmary will be required to work 153 hours over the 18-month test. Participants will be seen 9 times by their physical therapist. The initial session will be 45minutes and the staying Sessionss will be 30minutes ( as criterion in physical therapy pattern ) . The 3 enlisting and intercession stages are staggered, hence, if the physical therapist sees 3 participants per hebdomad ( the required 12 per month ) and assignments are made for the same clip each month, the physical therapist will be required to work 0-4.5 hours per hebdomad ( see physical therapist timetable, appendix2 ) . The physical therapists will be employed on an hourly footing. The research helper will be employed on a parttime footing to randomize participants and publish the instructional AIDSs. ETHICAL ISSUES This survey addresses ethical considerations highlighted the by the Chartered Society of Physiotherapists ( 2001 ) publication on research moralss ( Appendix3 ) . The survey aims to be of â€Å" value † and to better the wellness of patients with degenerative arthritis of the articulatio genus. It is of import that the test is published so that the participants have non been unnecessarily inconvenienced and subjected to possible hazards. Therefore this test will merely take topographic point after blessing and understanding to print by a well-thought-of diary. How to cite Osteoarthritis Sufferers In The Uk Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Patient Raymond Nguyen for Respect and Information-myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about thePatient Raymond Nguyen for Respect and Information. Answer: Introduction Care centered on patients refers to the health which is highly respectful and responsive to various preferences, values and needs of the consumers and patients. The broadly accepted dimensions of the care centered on the patients are emotional support, respect, information, physical comfort, and communication, transition and continuity, involvement of carers and family, care coordination and access to effective care (Hill, Hall Glew, 2017). Various researches demonstrate that care centered on patient and creates value added for services to the public. When the administrators of health care along with patients, families and provide work in collaborative partnership, the safety and quality of health care increases, the costs decrease and the satisfaction of the provider increases. This results in increase of the care experience of the patient eventually. In any kind of occupation, it is crucial to have good establishment regarding effective communication between the patients and the nurses or the other medical carers. Having a very effective communication between the patients and health carers is very important in the Nursing environment as there is dealing of various aspects of life of a patient (Alligood, 2017). In this assignment, there has been discussion on the ways in which nurses and medical practitioners use the professional communication skills for developing a therapeutic relationship with patients. In this regard, the case of Raymond Nguyen is discussed for which the ways in which effective communication skills will be established through verbal and non-verbal communication mode along with the aspect of documentation. Situation Raymond Nguyen is a 63 year old male born in Vietnam which later migrated to Australia in the year 1979 as boat person. Having this basic information prior to his appointment, he has to be treated with modes of patient-centered care. Before having a meeting with Raymond Nguyen, the nurse or the assessor has to be very alert, oriented and cooperative mindset. The nursing care that has to be provided to Raymond Nguyen requires a highly effective communication established between the nurse and him that will be done through appreciating the uniqueness of life history encompasses and influences the health care experiences of Raymond Nguyen (Levett-Jones, 2013). The principles under which counseling and health care provision will be provided to Raymond Nguyen includes dignity, empathy, choice, respect , transparency , autonomy and an unconditional desire to provide assistance to him for achieving the health conditions and life that he wished to have. Background During the counseling session, it has been obtained that Raymond Nguyen does not have any kind allergies and had a habit of smoking for about 42 years which he had recently left. By establishing good and healthy verbal communication with Raymond Nguyen, effective health care can be provided to him. This would basically begin with the use of English as the language for communication. The nurse has to make use of a tone that is very soothing and calm which would provide a feeling of comfort to Raymond Nguyen (Almajali, Masa'deh Tarhini, 2016). In regards to the non-verbal communication methods, Raymond Nguyen needs to be provided with comforting touch by making him sit in chair or assisting him while having a seat in the medical premise. The facial expression of the nurse while providing consultation to Raymond Nguyen needs to be very calm and friendly. Eye contact has to be maintained to make him feel at ease and responsive. As per Parahoo (2014), the nurse needs to observe the expression of Raymond Nguyen to gain comprehension about his mental situation (Parahoo, 2014). The difference between the response of the Raymond Nguyen to any question and the facial expression that he has while answering the questions has to be noticed in order to provide him with effective counseling and health care (Holloway Galvin, 2016). Assessment Considering Raymond Nguyens lifestyle which is has been following for a very long time the documentation of the interaction of all the conversations and consulting between the nurse or medical carer and Raymond Nguyen has to be done for future reference (Chnevert, et al., 2013). This will also assist in managing specific information and data in regards to health of Raymond Nguyen (Nieswiadomy Bailey, 2017). The consultation that the nurse or the medical practitioners would provide to Raymond Nguyen would be in terms of the age, alcohol consumption and food habits of Raymond Nguyen. The conversation or consultation that would be provided to Raymond Nguyen would be in orientation of making him fitter and active by incorporating a regime of mild exercise or activities such as playing with his grandchildren (Durairaj Ranjani, 2013). By engaging in certain kind of physical activity, he shall have lowered levels of stress to a significant extent. He needs to be advised regarding taking care of him in small ways such as using sunscreen while going out with his grandchildren. According to Mosadeghrad Ferdosi (2013), nurses or medical consultants need to make the suggestion regarding engaging a cook who would take care of preparing home cooked meals to him. This ways he shall not be skipping his breakfast and would have nutritious food at home (Mosadeghrad Ferdosi, 2013). The nurses or medical carer would need to document all the conversation in an electronic recorder which will assist in maintaining a register for storing all the relevant information regarding specialized health care routine to Raymond Nguyen (Flores, et al., 2013). The electronic recorder that would be used for the purpose of documentation can be used by Raymond Nguyens daughter and other family members while taking care of him. This ways his drinking habit can be regulated (LoBiondo-Wood Haber, 2017). Recommendation Conclusion In the essay, the significance of conducting documentation of medical counseling is stated. The health condition and requirement of Raymond Nguyen is assessed in the assignment. There has been reflection on the principles which have to be considered while evaluating or conducting consultation of health to Raymond Nguyen. Further, the verbal and non-verbal communication behavior that has to be maintained while providing Raymond Nguyen with medical consultation has been reviewed. This essay has assisted in gaining in-depth analysis of various elements and the ways in which the counseling has to be provided are stated. The significance of having a proper documentation in this regard has been stated. References Alligood, M. R. (2017).Nursing Theorists and Their Work-E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences. Almajali, D. A., Masa'deh, R. E., Tarhini, A. (2016). Antecedents of ERP systems implementation success: a study on Jordanian healthcare sector.Journal of Enterprise Information Management,29(4), 549-565. Chnevert, D., Jourdain, G., Cole, N., Banville, B. (2013). The role of organisational justice, burnout and commitment in the understanding of absenteeism in the Canadian healthcare sector.Journal of Health Organization and Management,27(3), 350-367. Durairaj, M., Ranjani, V. (2013). 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